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Grand Central〔(Companies House extract company no 3979826 ) Grand Central Company Limited〕 is an independent open-access operator in the United Kingdom. It has operated passenger rail services on the East Coast Main Line from Sunderland to London King's Cross since December 2007; and from Bradford Interchange to London King's Cross since May 2010.〔(About Grand Central ). Grand Central.〕 It is a subsidiary of Arriva UK Trains. ==History== The origins of Grand Central can be traced back to the privatisation of British Rail, when bids were lodged for the Midland Mainline and Regional Railways North East franchises by Ian Yeowart and a consortium of ex-British Rail managers under the Grand Central name.〔(Companies House extract company no 2867426 ) Grand Central Railway Company Limited (Mark 1)〕〔(Grand Central & Marilyn ) ''GC Magazine'' Issue 1 Summer 2008〕〔("Yeowart challenging the old guard" ). ''Rail'' (Peterborough). Issue 632. 2 December 2009.〕 The company was dissolved in March 1998.〔 In April 2000 a new company was formed by Ian Yeowart, also named Grand Central Railway Company Limited, to pursue open-access opportunities.〔(Companies House extract company no 3979826 ) Grand Central Railway Company Limited (Mark 2)〕 In 2003 Grand Central lodged an application with the Office of Rail Regulation to operate a two-hourly open access service from Newcastle via the Caldervale Line and Manchester Victoria to Bolton using ex Virgin CrossCountry High Speed Trains.〔(Application to the Regulator for a Passenger Track Access Contract Under Section 17 of the Railways Act 1993 ) Office of Rail Regulation〕 The application was rejected in June 2004.〔(Application by Grand Central Railways Company Limited for a Track Access Contract ) Office of Rail Regulation June 2004〕 Coach operator Fraser Eagle Group purchased a 79% shareholding in Grand Central in 2004.〔(Fly like an eagle ) ''EN Magazine'' 2006〕 In February 2005 Grand Central lodged an application with the Office of Rail Regulation to operate four daily services from Sunderland to London King's Cross and four daily services from Bradford Interchange to London King's Cross using Class 67 locomotives hauling five Mark 3 carriages and a Driving Van Trailer.〔(Application to the Regulator for a Passenger Track Access Contract Under Section 17 of the Railways Act 1993 ) Office of Rail Regulation〕 In March 2006 the Office of Rail Regulation granted Grand Central access rights for three daily Sunderland to London King's Cross services, but only with 125 mph capable rolling stock, ruling out the Class 67 option.〔(Office of Rail Regulation decision on applications for the Track Access Rights necessary to operate additional passenger services on the East Coast Main Line ) Office of Rail Regulation March 2006〕 After failing at an Office of Rail Regulation hearing to have the process reversed, GNER sought a judicial review of the decision to grant Grand Central access rights but was rejected by the High Court in July 2006.〔("Decisions Decisions" ). ''Rail Professional''. September 2006.〕 Fraser Eagle sold their 79% shareholding in Grand Central in March 2007 to two former managers of Prism Rail, backed by a private equity group.〔("On track for a rail profit" ). ''Lancashire Telegraph'' (Blackburn). 19 March 2007.〕 Operations were due to commence in May 2007, however delays in procuring and then refurbishing rolling stock delayed this.〔 〕 Operations commenced on 18 December 2007 between Sunderland and London King's Cross. While awaiting the delivery of all of the rolling stock, initially only one Sunderland - Kings Cross and one York - Kings Cross service operated in each direction.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Passenger services begin Tuesday 18 December ) 〕 The full timetable was introduced in March 2008.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Full Grand Central service to begin on Saturday ) 〕〔''Rail'' (Peterborough). Issue 585. 13 February 2008. p. 41.〕 Mechanical problems with the High Speed Trains led to services being regularly cancelled, resulting in a reduced service being operated from May until July 2008. In March 2008 Grand Central lodged an application with the Office of Rail Regulation to operate three daily services from Bradford Interchange to London King's Cross.〔(Track Access Rights on the East Coast Main Line ) Grand Union 28 March 2008〕 In January 2009 Grand Central were granted access rights for three daily Bradford Interchange to London King's Cross services until December 2014 and a fourth Sunderland to London King's Cross service until May 2012.〔(ORR announces its proposed decision on East Coast Main Line track access applications ) Office of Rail Regulation 29 January 2009〕 In August 2009 the fourth daily Sunderland - London King's Cross service commenced. The Office of Rail Regulation announced in February 2010 that all access rights have now been extended until December 2016.〔(ORR approves East Coast Main Line track access applications ) Office of Rail Regulation 11 February 2010〕 In May 2010 Grand Central services between Bradford Interchange and London King's Cross commenced.〔(【引用サイトリンク】accessdate=20 November 2011 )〕 It was hoped that the service would start in December 2009, but difficulties in securing rolling stock caused delay. In November 2011 Grand Central was purchased by Arriva UK Trains. At the time of the takeover Grand Central had 123 employees, a turnover of £18.9m and debts of £44m. From December 2011 Bradford services have made an additional stop at Mirfield.〔(Mirfield gets direct rail services to and from London ) Grand Central〕 Grand Central has never been profitable and by December 2011 had accrued losses of £40 million.〔Grand Central Railway Company Limited Annual Accounts 31 December 2011〕 In December 2013, a fourth daily Bradford to London Kings Cross service commenced, operating Monday through to Sunday. In August 2014, Grand Central was granted an extension of its operating rights until December 2026.〔(Application to the Office of Rail Regulation for a track access agreement ) Grand Central August 2013〕〔(Grand Central Sunderland to London rail service given 10 year extension ) ''Sunderland Echo'' 7 August 2014〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Grand Central Railway」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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